This patient reported to me with the complaint of facial swelling for past 5 months which became noticeable for last 10 days. After thorough clinical, radiological and histopathological examination, Maxillofacial Surgeon Dr. S. M. Balaji diagnosed it as Odontogenic keratocyst (OKC) involving the entire left body and anterior region of the mandible.
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Surgical treatment was planned to remove the entire cystic lesion and reconstruct the affected jaw portion in a single stage. Costal rib graft was harvested for the reconstruction of the mandible. Through intraoral approach, crevicular incision was placed in the mandibular anterior teeth region extending posterior till mandibular notch, gingivomucoperiosteal flap was raised, cystic lesion was surgically exposed and the affected portion was removed along with the involved teeth in toto and reconstruction was done using long titanium bone plate and costal graft maintaining the contour of the mandible. After successful graft uptake, dental rehabilitation will be done using dental implants in the newly formed bone.

This is the case of post traumatic secondary facial deformity in a 25 year old boy from Kolkata. He gave a history of RTA 3 years back and had first aid, primary reconstruction surgeries elsewhere.
On examination, he had defective left eye prosthesis and deformed nose. He was very conscious about his looks and lost his confidence due to the defective appearance. 
Maxillofacial Surgeon Dr. S. M. Balaji surgically corrected the defective appearance of the boy without much visible scars on his face. The defective eye prosthesis was removed and orbital content was reconstructed using buccal tissue graft and silicone orbital implant. Artificial eye prosthesis in close resemblance to that of the right eye was fixed. This improved his overall appearance. Through the previous scar, defective ala of nose was corrected using chondral graft obtained from the rib cartilage. The boy is very happy for the successful facial reconstruction. This helps in regaining his self confidence.  

A 3-month-old baby boy born with bilateral cleft lip and palate was brought to our hospital by his parents from Mauritius for specialized cleft lip & palate surgery.
Maxillofacial Surgeon Dr. S.M. Balaji performed the primary cleft lip correction surgery by following Paul Black’s technique to correct the lip enabling the baby to feed well.  Subsequently cleft palate surgery will be done to completely rehabilitate the child. 

A young man from Singapore reported to me with the complaint of huge swelling in the right side of his face. He added that the size of the swelling was increasing progressively which made his face asymmetrical. He was very cautious about this progressive swelling. Added he had histopathological examination of the intraoral tissue done elsewhere diagnosing as plexiform ameloblastoma.
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After thorough clinical and radiological examination, Maxillofacial Surgeon  Dr. S. M. Balaji planned to remove the lesion and reconstruct the affected jaw portion in a single stage. Intraorally, complete removal of the benign lesion with sufficient clearance of the bone was done following rib graft which was obtained was fixed to it. Patient was happy to have both removal and reconstruction in a single surgery.

This is a case of 3 months old baby boy with incomplete bilateral cleft lip from Bangladesh. Maxillofacial Surgeon Dr. S.M. Balaji surgically corrected the cleft lip defect by following Paul Black's technique. Results are  immediate. Immediate postoperative view following suture removal shows negligible scar formation.  ​

A 30-year-old man from Bangladesh was suffering from severe pain and swelling in his right side of lower jaw. He also complained of difficulty to open his mouth wide and bite and chew foods. He was advised by his family doctor in his home town to go to Balaji Dental and Craniofacial Hospital at Chennai, India, for specialized treatment.

Maxillofacial Surgeon Dr. S.M. Balaji thoroughly evaluated his jaw defect clinically and using advanced 3D CT scan. The scan images showed that he had multiple and extensive areas of bone loss that appeared to resemble large cystic tumors involving the almost entire right side of lower jaw.
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Biopsy of the lesion was done which proved it to be odontogenic keratocysts. Dr. Balaji planned a complete reconstruction of the lower jaw right side, using the man’s own rib graft. The affected portion of the lower jaw bone was surgically removed. Diseased portions of the bone were completely and thoroughly removed to ensure that there is no recurrence. A costochondral cartilage graft (rib graft) was taken and used to reconstruct the lower law. The man feels very happy for the surgery outcome and the entire surgery was done intra orally avoiding external scar formation.
4 months follow-up
4 months postoperative digital OPG and 3DCT shows good bone formation. Dental implants fixed in the newly formed bone with good stability and retention.

A 3-months-old baby boy born with unilateral cleft lip and palate defect from West Bengal was brought to our hospital by his parents for surgical correction of cleft lip defect.
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Maxillofacial Surgeon Dr. S.M. Balaji successfully performed the cleft lip repair using modified Millard’s technique.  The baby’s appearance was remarkable improved and he was able to feed well. His parents feel very happy to have the cleft lip treated with negligible scar formation.

​Difficulties faced – in patient’s words

​Maxillofacial Surgeon Dr. S. M. Balaji planned to remove the failed infected bone graft done elsewhere and to reconstruct the lower jaw in a single surgery. He approached the surgical site intraorally and removed the dislodged bone graft and sequestrum completely. Adjacent infected bone was removed with bone curette. A rib graft was taken and fixed to the lower jaw left side to reconstruct the defect. rhBMP-2 was placed to increase the efficiency of new bone formation. Mucosal flaps were approximated in layers. The patient is very happy to have entire surgery done in single stage without any scar on the face. The functionality of the lower jaw was also regained efficiently.

A 5 year old boy was brought to our hospital with a complaint of decreased mouth opening and facial deformity by birth. His parent’s gave the history of multiple surgical correction of TMJ ankylosis done elsewhere. He had unsightly extraoral scar due to previous surgeries. He gave a history of having undergone distraction osteogenesis treatment for the left side of the lower jaw in some other hospital elsewhere, but the treatment subsequently failed.

Now on examination he had facial asymmetry, severely retruded lower jaw (mandible), flattened lower face with complete restriction in mouth opening and shift of chin towards left side.
3DCT of facial bones revealed obliterated left temporomandibular (joint jaw) joint space, elongated coronoid process, and reduced ramal height and prominent antegonial notch. The case was diagnosed as true left TMJ bony ankylosis with developing secondary facial deformity. 
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Maxillofacial Surgeon Dr. S. M. Balaji successfully performed bony ankylosis release surgery and transportation of growth centre using costochondral junction obtained from rib cartilage. Postoperative mouth opening was adequate. Following complete dental rehabilitation done to treat the badly broken and decayed teeth, boy’s parents were asked to continue the mouth opening exercise at least 2 months after surgery. 

3 months old baby girl from West Bengal was brought to our hospital by her parents seeking for cleft correction. Maxillofacial Surgeon Dr. S. M. Balaji successfully corrected the unilateral cleft lip defect using modified Millard’s technique. Results are immediate, with negligible scar formation. ​

A 36 year old woman reported to our hospital with the complaint of missing teeth along with the bone in the front region of lower jaw. She added that the anterior mandibular segment was removed due to ameloblastoma and reconstruction plate was fixed few years back elsewhere and she was not able to chew foods and speak well due to missing teeth along with the bone. She wanted permanent reconstruction of her mandible and fixed teeth.
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After thorough clinical and radiological examination, Maxillofacial Surgeon Dr. S. M. Balaji planned to reconstruct her mandibular defect using costochondral rib graft following which dental implants will be fixed into the newly formed bone. Intraorally, the infected mobile mandibular reconstruction plate and screws placed elsewhere were removed and reconstructed using costochondral rib graft along with the titanium mandibular reconstruction plate. Incision was closed in layers. Patient feels very happy to have complete reconstruction in a single surgery. Following new bone formation fixed dental implant replacement will be done for her missing teeth.  

​30 year old women reported to our hospital with the complaints of swelling in right side lower half of the face. She also said that this swelling was there for a very long period with occasional numbness in the right side of the face.
After thorough clinical, radiological and histopathological examination, Maxillofacial Surgeon Dr. S. M. Balaji diagnosed it as odontogenic keratocyst (OKC) involving right body and ramus of the mandible. He planned to remove the entire lytic lesion and reconstruction of the affected portion of the mandible in the same surgery. Costochondral graft was obtained from the ribs to reconstruct the mandible. Through intraoral approach, after raising gingivomucoperiosteal flap extending distally, the entire lesion along with the affected portion of mandible was removed in toto. Harvested rib graft was used to reconstruct the defective region of mandible. Patient is very happy to have both removal of the entire lesion and reconstruction of the affected portion of mandible in the same surgery.

22 year old men reported to our hospital seeking to correct his deviated nose which greatly affected his facial appearance. He gave a history of road traffic accident 2 years back where he had severe injury on the nasal bones. He was very much disappointed as his nose was completely deviated to the right side giving asymmetric facial appearance.
Maxillofacial Surgeon Dr. S.M. Balaji successfully performed the cosmetic rhinoplasty. Vertically nasal septal cartilage height was trimmed by medial osteotomy to reduce the height of the nose. Deviation along with the width of the nose was reduced by lateral osteotomy technique. Thus deviated nose and size of the framework of the nose was corrected from inside the nose to avoid any scars on the face (closed rhinoplasty technique).
A balance between the nose shape and facial profile was achieved for a more pleasing appearance. The patient was very happy to have a narrower, shapely nose that enhanced his facial profile with absolutely no scarring. 

A 22 year old girl reported to our hospital for the surgical correction of asymmetry over the left side of the face. Facial asymmetry may be present in cases of hemifacial microsomia, TMJ ankylosis or may have resulted following condylar fractures. This patient had a mandibular deficiency at the ramus level and deficiency measured almost 14 mm with a resultant occlusal cant.
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After thorough clinical and radiological examination Maxillofacial Surgeon Dr. S. M. Balaji planned to correct the facial asymmetry using internal distraction osteogenesis with maxillomandibular distractor. Paragingival incision was placed over the left angle region along the anterior border of ramus. Full thickness mucoperiostal flap was reflected buccally and bone exposed. The direction of the osteotomy cut and positioning of the distractor is the most important as it determines the vector of distraction and this determines the direction of the bone growth. The distractor device was positioned and fixed using screws. Osteotomy is then completed along the medial cortex. Distractor device was checked and wound closure done. Le Fort I osteotomy was completed in maxilla. After a latency period of 5 days, distraction at the rate of 1 mm per day was accomplished and facial asymmetry was successfully corrected. Patient feels very happy to have the facial asymmetry correction without any scars on the face.

A 3-month-old baby boy born with unilateral cleft lip and palate was brought to our hospital by his parents for specialized treatment of the cleft defect.
Maxillofacial Surgeon Dr. S.M. Balaji successfully performed the primary cleft lip repair using modified Millard’s technique.  Right away after surgery the baby’s appearance was remarkable improved and he was able to feed well. His parents were very happy to have the cleft lip treated with negligible scar formation. After few months cleft palate repair will be done.

A 4-month-old baby boy born with unilateral cleft lip and palate was brought to our hospital by his parents for specialised treatment of the cleft defect.
Maxillofacial Surgeon Dr. S.M. Balaji successfully performed the primary cleft lip repair using modified Millard’s technique.  Right away after surgery the baby’s appearance was remarkably improved and he was able to feed well. His parents were very happy to have the cleft lip treated with negligible scar formation. After few months cleft palate repair will be done.

This is a 15-month-old boy who was referred by Dr. K. K. Raja, Head of the Department, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, SRM Dental College and Hospital to Dr. S. M. Balaji for the purpose of demonstrating a cleft lip repair as part of the preconference live surgical demonstration of the 10th World Cleft Lip, Palate, and Craniofacial Congress. Oral and maxillofacial surgeon Dr. S. M. Balaji decided to proceed with a modified Millard Noordhoff left-sided cleft lip repair.  This was performed at Balaji Dental and Craniofacial Hospital, Chennai.
This surgery was done to rehabilitate him and help him feed normally as good nutrition is extremely essential for an actively growing little child to develop normally in all parameters. From the aesthetic point of view also, the importance of this surgery is paramount as it would enable him to interact well with his peers as well as other older individuals.
The surgery was a complete success.  The scar that resulted from this was negligible and his parents expressed their appreciation of how Dr. S. M. Balaji was helping in transforming his life for the better.  

​A 3-month-old baby boy born with unilateral cleft lip and alveolus was brought to our hospital by his parents for specialized treatment of the cleft defect.
Maxillofacial Surgeon Dr. S.M. Balaji successfully performed the primary cleft lip repair using modified Millard’s technique.  Right away after surgery the baby’s appearance was remarkable improved and he was able to feed well. His parents were very happy to have the cleft lip treated with negligible scar formation.

A 3-month-old baby boy born with bilateral cleft lip and palate was brought to our hospital by his parents for specialized cleft lip & palate surgery.
Maxillofacial Surgeon Dr. S.M. Balaji performed the primary cleft lip correction surgery using Paul Black’s technique to reconstruct the lip enabling the baby to feed well while also dramatically enhancing the baby’s appearance.  Subsequent cleft palate surgery will be done to completely rehabilitate the child. 

​A young man born with unilateral cleft lip and palate reported to our hospital seeking expert correction of his nose deformity. Earlier Dr. S. M. Balaji has done cleft alveolar repair using bone protein rh-BMP2 and pharyngoplasty.
On examination, lower lateral cartilage on the cleft affected side was buckled & depressed affecting his appearance and breathing and distinguished nasal base depression due to lack of bone.
Maxillofacial Surgeon Dr. S. M. Balaji successfully performed the cleft rhinoplasty or nose correction procedure employing bone graft obtained from right iliac crest. Following surgery, the overall facial profile and breathing improved remarkably.  

Ms. Jasra is a 5 year old girl who presented to Dr. S. M. Balaji with craniosynostosis with left plagiocephaly.  This had resulted in her having a deformed head.  Plagiocephaly by definition is flattening of one part of the skull, which leads to facial deformity. She had previously undergone cranial/frontal bone reconstruction and orbital rim advancement elsewhere.
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Craniofacial Surgeon Dr. S. M. Balaji decided to proceed with a craniostomy with calvarial reconstruction to correct her deformity. Customized 3-D stereolithographic models were used for presurgical planning.

She underwent the cranial vault reconstruction surgery on October 24, 2016, at Balaji Dental and Craniofacial Hospital, Chennai by Dr. S. M. Balaji as part of the preconference live surgical demonstration prior to the 10th World Cleft Lip, Palate, and Craniofacial Congress.  Dr. Balaji used sonic weld bioresorbable plates for rotation and advancement of the frontal bone complex. This is an essential surgery because not doing this surgery would result in compromise of brain development, which would lead to decreased mental acuity, vision problems, and many other cranial functions.  Sonic weld plates were used instead of titanium plates because they resorb over time thus facilitating normal bone growth and brain development as opposed to the permanent titanium plates, which would require another surgery for their removal.

The parents expressed their appreciation of how Dr. S. M. Balaji was helping in transforming Jasra’s life for the better. Jasra would need facial asymmetry corrective surgeries at a later date.

​A 36 year old woman reported to our hospital with the complaint of missing teeth along with the bone in the front region of lower jaw. She added that the anterior mandibular segment was removed due to ameloblastoma and reconstruction plate was fixed few years back elsewhere and she was not able to chew foods and speak well due to missing teeth along with the bone. She wanted permanent reconstruction of her mandible and fixed teeth.
After thorough clinical and radiological examination, Maxillofacial Surgeon Dr. S. M. Balaji planned to reconstruct her mandibular defect using costochondral rib graft following which dental implants will be fixed into the newly formed bone. Intraorally, the infected mobile mandibular reconstruction plate and screws placed elsewhere were removed and reconstructed using costochondral rib graft along with the titanium mandibular reconstruction plate. Incision was closed in layers. Patient feels very happy to have complete reconstruction in a single surgery. Following new bone formation fixed dental implant replacement will be done for her missing teeth.  

​A 3-month-old baby girl born with unilateral cleft lip & palate defect was brought to our hospital by her parents for the surgical correction of her cleft lip defect.
Maxillofacial Surgeon Dr. S. M. Balaji performed the primary cleft lip repair surgery using the modified Millard’s technique. The parents were very happy that their baby’s cleft lip defect was corrected with hardly any scars and the child’s appearance greatly improved.  The baby and her family went back to their hometown and they are to return later for further cleft management.

​A 14-year-old boy was brought to our hospital with his parents from Bangladesh with a complaint of swelling with pain in his lower jaw. A digital X-ray took revealed a large cystic lesion involving entire left side of mandible with impacted wisdom tooth.
 Histopathological examination of the specimen showed it to be a chronic infected dentigerous cyst. Maxillofacial surgeon Dr. S.M. Balaji surgically removed the entire cystic lesion along with the lining with affected tooth in toto. And the secondary mandibular defect was reconstructed simultaneously using costochondral rib graft. Following surgery the wound healed well and the patient was happy to be cured of his ailment.